Sparsely gated Mixture of Experts (MoE) models have been shown to be a compute-efficient method to scale model capacity for multilingual machine translation. However, for low-resource tasks, MoE models severely over-fit. We show effective regularization strategies, namely dropout techniques for MoE layers in EOM and FOM, Conditional MoE Routing and Curriculum Learning methods that prevent over-fitting and improve the performance of MoE models on low-resource tasks without adversely affecting high-resource tasks. On a massively multilingual machine translation benchmark, our strategies result in about +1 chrF++ improvement in very low resource language pairs. We perform an extensive analysis of the learned MoE routing to better understand the impact of our regularization methods and how we can improve them.

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

寻找特定任务说明的YouTube用户可能会花费很长时间浏览内容，以寻找与他们需求相匹配的正确视频。创建视觉摘要（视频的删节版本）为观众提供了快速概述，并大大减少了搜索时间。在这项工作中，我们专注于总结教学视频，这​​是视频摘要的探索领域。与通用视频相比，可以将教学视频解析为语义上有意义的细分，这些细分与所示任务的重要步骤相对应。现有的视频摘要数据集依靠手动框架级注释，使其主观且大小有限。为了克服这一点，我们首先通过利用两个关键假设来自动为教学视频语料库生成伪摘要：（i）相关步骤可能会出现在相同任务（任务相关性）的多个视频中，并且（ii）它们更重要。可能由示威者口头描述（跨模式显着）。我们提出了一个教学视频摘要网络，该网络结合了上下文感知的时间视频编码器和段评分变压器。使用伪摘要作为弱监督，我们的网络为仅给出视频和转录语音的教学视频构建了视觉摘要。为了评估我们的模型，我们通过刮擦包含视频演示的Wikihow文章和步骤的视觉描绘，从而收集了高质量的测试集，即Wikihow摘要，从而使我们能够获得地面真实性摘要。我们的表现优于几个基线和这个新基准的最先进的视频摘要模型。

在全球范围内消除语言障碍的目标的驱动下，机器翻译已巩固自己是当今人工智能研究的关键重点。但是，这样的努力围绕着一小部分语言结合在一起，留下了绝大多数低资源的语言。在确保安全，高质量的结果的同时，在牢记道德考虑的同时，打破200个语言障碍需要什么？没有留下的语言，我们首先通过与母语人士的探索性访谈来解决对低资源语言翻译支持的必要性来应对这一挑战。然后，我们创建了旨在缩小低资源和高资源语言之间的性能差距的数据集和模型。更具体地说，我们开发了一种有条件的计算模型，基于专家的稀疏混合物，该模型经过针对针对低资源语言量身定制的新颖有效的数据挖掘技术培训的。我们提出了多次建筑和培训改进，以抵消数千个任务的培训。至关重要的是，我们使用人类翻译的基准，Flores-200评估了40,000多种不同的翻译方向的性能，并将人类评估与新型毒性基准相结合，涵盖Flores-200的所有语言，以评估翻译安全性。我们的模型相对于先前的最新技术，实现了44％BLEU的改善，为实现通用翻译系统奠定了重要的基础。最后，我们开源此工作中描述的所有贡献，可在https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq/tree/nllb上访问。

尽管近年来行动认可取得了令人印象深刻的结果，但视频培训数据的收集和注释仍然很耗时和成本密集。因此，已经提出了图像到视频改编，以利用无标签的Web图像源来适应未标记的目标视频。这提出了两个主要挑战：（1）Web图像和视频帧之间的空间域移动； （2）图像和视频数据之间的模态差距。为了应对这些挑战，我们提出了自行车域的适应（CYCDA），这是一种基于周期的方法，用于通过在图像和视频中利用图像和视频中的联合空间信息来适应无监督的图像到视频域，另一方面，训练一个独立的时空模型，用于弥合模式差距。我们在每个周期中的两者之间的知识转移之间在空间和时空学习之间交替。我们在基准数据集上评估了图像到视频的方法，以及用于实现最新结果的混合源域的适应性，并证明了我们的循环适应性的好处。

数据增强是自然语言处理（NLP）模型的鲁棒性评估的重要组成部分，以及增强他们培训的数据的多样性。在本文中，我们呈现NL-Cogmenter，这是一种新的参与式Python的自然语言增强框架，它支持创建两个转换（对数据的修改）和过滤器（根据特定功能的数据拆分）。我们描述了框架和初始的117个变换和23个过滤器，用于各种自然语言任务。我们通过使用其几个转换来分析流行自然语言模型的鲁棒性来证明NL-Upmenter的功效。基础架构，Datacards和稳健性分析结果在NL-Augmenter存储库上公开可用（\ url {https://github.com/gem-benchmark/nl-augmenter}）。

最近，机器人和增强现实中的有希望的应用引起了从点云中的3D对象检测引起了相当大的关注。在本文中，我们展示了FCAF3D - 一流的全卷积锚无室内3D对象检测方法。它是一种简单而有效的方法，使用点云的体素表示，并处理具有稀疏卷曲的体素。 FCAF3D可以通过单个完全卷积前馈通量来处理具有最小运行时的大规模场景。现有的3D对象检测方法在对象的几何形状上进行现有假设，我们认为它限制了它们的泛化能力。为了摆脱任何先前的假设，我们提出了一种以纯粹的数据驱动方式获得更好的结果的导向边界框的新颖参数化。该方法在Scannet V2（+4.5），Sun RGB-D（+3.5）和S3DIS（+20.5）数据集上实现了最先进的3D对象检测结果。代码和模型可在https://github.com/samsunglabs/fcaf3d中获得。

Novel topological spin textures, such as magnetic skyrmions, benefit from their inherent stability, acting as the ground state in several magnetic systems. In the current study of atomic monolayer magnetic materials, reasonable initial guesses are still needed to search for those magnetic patterns. This situation underlines the need to develop a more effective way to identify the ground states. To solve this problem, in this work, we propose a genetic-tunneling-driven variance-controlled optimization approach, which combines a local energy minimizer back-end and a metaheuristic global searching front-end. This algorithm is an effective optimization solution for searching for magnetic ground states at extremely low temperatures and is also robust for finding low-energy degenerated states at finite temperatures. We demonstrate here the success of this method in searching for magnetic ground states of 2D monolayer systems with both artificial and calculated interactions from density functional theory. It is also worth noting that the inherent concurrent property of this algorithm can significantly decrease the execution time. In conclusion, our proposed method builds a useful tool for low-dimensional magnetic system energy optimization.

The release of ChatGPT, a language model capable of generating text that appears human-like and authentic, has gained significant attention beyond the research community. We expect that the convincing performance of ChatGPT incentivizes users to apply it to a variety of downstream tasks, including prompting the model to simplify their own medical reports. To investigate this phenomenon, we conducted an exploratory case study. In a questionnaire, we asked 15 radiologists to assess the quality of radiology reports simplified by ChatGPT. Most radiologists agreed that the simplified reports were factually correct, complete, and not potentially harmful to the patient. Nevertheless, instances of incorrect statements, missed key medical findings, and potentially harmful passages were reported. While further studies are needed, the initial insights of this study indicate a great potential in using large language models like ChatGPT to improve patient-centered care in radiology and other medical domains.

Efficient surrogate modelling is a key requirement for uncertainty quantification in data-driven scenarios. In this work, a novel approach of using Sparse Random Features for surrogate modelling in combination with self-supervised dimensionality reduction is described. The method is compared to other methods on synthetic and real data obtained from crashworthiness analyses. The results show a superiority of the here described approach over state of the art surrogate modelling techniques, Polynomial Chaos Expansions and Neural Networks.